The Economic Cost of Substance Abuse Treatment in Criminal Justice Settings. The Economic Cost of Substance Abuse Treatmentin Criminal Justice Settings. Kathryn E. Mc. Collister, Ph. D. 1. Michael T. French, Ph. D. 2. 1Health Services Research Center and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,University of Miami. Health Services Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health and. Department of Economics, University of Miami. Evaluating drug treatment programs. The daily census of SAP increased from around 25 in March of 1994 to 125 in. A model for prisonbased drug treatment. Organizational context, systems change, and adopting. In a study of counselors in drug treatment programs. G. ZajacA census of prisonbased drug treatment. A Census of PrisonBased Drug Treatment. This article analyzes descriptive information about program drug treatment programs in order. SAGE Journal Articles. Acknowledgment Financial assistance for this study was provided by the National. Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA grant numbers 1. R0. 1 DA1. 15. 06, 1. R0. 1 DA1. 13. 09, CO,CA and the Department of Corrections, State of California contract 9. A 1. Theauthors are entirely responsible for the research and results reported in this paper, andtheir position or opinions do not necessarily represent those of NIDA, the State of. California, University of California Los Angeles, Amity Foundation, State of Colorado,University of Kentucky, National Development and Research Institutes, or the Universityof Miami. The following people have contributed data, programmatic expertise,technical expertise andor other important information to this project in alphabeticalorder Elaine Abraham, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. Paul Billeci, Office of Substance Abuse Programs, California Department of Corrections. Chris Block, Center on Drug and Alcohol Abuse, University of Kentucky. Elizabeth Hall, Ph. D., UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center. Carl Leukefeld, Ph. Drug treatment 75 treatment programs 66 view all Geography. United States 142 Texas 20 California 17 Missouri 17 Washington 17. A Census of PrisonBased Drug Treatment. The California Prison and Rehabilitation System. Drug treatment programs have also had profound. D., University of Kentucky. Lois Lowe, Ph. D. Office of Substance Abuse Programs, California Department of Corrections. Rod Mullen, Amity Foundation of California. Michael Predergast, Ph. D., UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center. Opioid Addiction Corrections. Evaluations of prisonbased programs have consistently yielded positive. Rick Purvis, Center on Drug and Alcohol Abuse, University of Kentucky. M. Christopher Roebuck, MBA, Health Services Research Center, University of Miami. Stan Sacks, Ph. D., National Development and Research Institutes, Inc. Michele Staton, MSW, Center on Drug and Alcohol Abuse, University of Kentucky. Joe Stommel, Department of Corrections, State of Colorado. A Census Of Prison-Based Drug Treatment Programs' title='A Census Of Prison-Based Drug Treatment Programs' />Corresponding Author and reprint requests Kathryn E. Mc. Collister, Department of. Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami D9. NW 9th Avenue,Third Floor, Miami, Florida, 3. Abstract. The publics attitude towards rehabilitating drug abusing criminal offenders has evolvedfrom one demanding justice through traditional incarceration to one open to thepossibilities for rehabilitation through effective treatment and socialization programs. The change in public opinion inspired extensive work to develop treatment interventionsthat are applicable within a criminal justice setting. This study offers an importantperspective on prison based substance abuse treatment. An economic cost analysis wasperformed on three contemporary in prison treatment programs located in different partsof the United States. The cost of treatment varied considerably across the three prisonbasedprograms discussed in this paper due to geographical location, program size, andvariety of services offered. Program 1 had an average weekly economic cost per inmateof 6. Program 2 had an average weekly cost of 5. Program 3 had an averageweekly cost of 3. The average weekly cost for a community based residential drugtreatment program was estimated to be 6. The results highlight the modestincremental cost of providing substance abuse treatment in criminal justice settings. I. Introduction. Society is increasingly challenged to absorb the costs imposed by criminalactivity and an expanding prison population. The relationship between criminal activityand drug and alcohol use has been extensively researched e. Chaiken and Chaiken,1. Inciardi, et al., 1. Inciardi and Pottegier, 1. French et al., 2. Anglin, etal., 1. Gandossy, et al, 1. Goldstein, 1. 98. Nurco, et al, 1. 98. Tonry and Wilson,1. Although the direction of causality between drug use and crime remainsunconfirmed, the complementarity between these behaviors implies that there areimportant substance dependence issues to address within the criminal justice population. For many criminal offenders, effective rehabilitation must incorporate substance abusetreatment. The prison population in the United States has expanded rapidly over the past twodecades. Drug law violators accounted for more than 3. Farabee,et al, 1. Recent reports estimate that 1,8. U. S. residents were incarcerated bythe end of 1. Simpson, et al., 1. Beck Mumola, 1. Furthermore, the. Department of Justice and the National Center on Addiction and Substance AbuseCASA determined that 6. According to reports for correctional expenditures in 1. CASA, 1. 99. 8. The social cost of crime is much higher than reflected in these expenditurereports. Rajkumar and French 1. They estimated both the tangible andintangible costs of crime, by specific criminal act. The most costly crimes excludingmurder are aggravated assault total social cost of 5. A study by French, Mc. Geary, et al. 2. CDUs and non drug users NDUs,separating acts by predatory crime and property crime. Their results showed that CDUshad a higher probability of committing both predatory and property crimes relative to. NDUs. In an earlier study, Chaiken and Chaiken 1. Specifically, frequent heroin use or use of multiple drugs appeared tobe the most directly linked to the prevalence of committing predatory crimes relative to. NDUs. While the need for substance abuse treatment in correctional systems seemsobvious, an important challenge in providing effective treatment is low inmate demandfor these services. The Department of Justice estimated that while some form oftreatment was available in 9. ONDCP, 1. 99. 8. Within state corrections, 7. Camp and Camp, 1. New Vision Wilderness Therapeutic Outdoor Programs there. This study offers an important perspective on prison based substance abusetreatment. An economic cost analysis was performed on three contemporary in prisontreatment programs located in different parts of the United States. The results highlight. II. History of substance abuse treatment in correctional facilities. The origination of substance abuse treatment for criminal offenders is credited tothe opening of two U. S. Public Health hospitals in the 1. Leukefeld and Tims, 1. The development of the Therapeutic Community TC approach to treating drug addictsin the 1. The TC approach wasperceived as being ideal for correctional settings as it emphasized the importance ofmembership in a community, and learning to become morally and socially responsibleGraham and Wexler, 1. In prison TCs were popular in the 1. Martin, et al., 1. Many ofthese early prison based TCs disappeared, due mainly to rising costs associated withgrowing inmate populations, uncertain treatment results, and tight state budgets Martin,et al., 1. Modified TCs appeared in the 1. Modifications were necessary to adapt the treatment program into an existing, highlystructured institutional framework. For example, at the Amity in prison TC program in. California, treatment and correctional staff worked together when setting up andorganizing the treatment program. All TC program activities functioned around theprisons schedule, ensuring that inmates complied with all requirements for their prisonterms e. Wexler, et al., 1. Also see De Leon 1. De Leon and Ziegenfuss 1. TCs. One of the first prison based TC approaches was New Yorks Stayn Out. Program, established in 1.